Lateral gene transfer
Lateral Gene Transfer
Lateral gene transfer (pronunciation: /ˈlatərəl/ /jeen/ /transfər/), also known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT), is a process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring. This is in contrast to the traditional vertical transfer of genes from parent to offspring.
Etymology
The term "lateral gene transfer" is derived from the Latin word "latus" meaning "side" and the English words "gene" and "transfer". The term "horizontal gene transfer" is used interchangeably with "lateral gene transfer" and is derived from the Latin word "horizontem" meaning "horizontal" and the English words "gene" and "transfer".
Process
Lateral gene transfer can occur in three main ways: transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
- Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings.
- Transduction involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by a virus or bacteriophage.
- Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.
Significance
Lateral gene transfer plays a crucial role in evolution, especially in the evolution of prokaryotes. It can bring about significant genetic changes and can contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Lateral gene transfer
- Wikipedia's article - Lateral gene transfer
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