Les Misérables
1862 novel by Victor Hugo
Les Misérables |
|
|---|---|
| Author | Victor Hugo |
| Language | French |
Les Misérables is a historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862. It is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. The novel is set in early 19th-century France and follows the lives and interactions of several characters, particularly the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption.
Plot
The novel is divided into five volumes, each focusing on different characters and themes. The main plot revolves around Jean Valjean, who is released from prison after 19 years for stealing a loaf of bread. He is pursued by the relentless police inspector Javert.
Volume I: Fantine
The first volume introduces Fantine, a young woman abandoned with a child, Cosette, by her lover. Fantine's life deteriorates as she struggles to support her daughter. Jean Valjean, now a wealthy factory owner and mayor, promises to care for Cosette after Fantine's death.
Volume II: Cosette
Jean Valjean rescues Cosette from the abusive innkeepers, the Thénardiers, and they start a new life in Paris. Valjean continues to be pursued by Javert.
Volume III: Marius
The story introduces Marius Pontmercy, a young student who falls in love with Cosette. Marius is involved in the June Rebellion of 1832.
Volume IV: The Idyll in the Rue Plumet and the Epic in the Rue Saint-Denis
This volume details the events of the rebellion and the barricades. Jean Valjean saves Marius, who is severely wounded.
Volume V: Jean Valjean
The final volume concludes with the resolution of the characters' fates. Jean Valjean reveals his past to Marius and dies peacefully.
Themes
Les Misérables explores themes of justice, love, and redemption. It critiques the social and economic injustices of 19th-century France and highlights the struggles of the poor and marginalized.
Characters
- Jean Valjean - The protagonist, an ex-convict seeking redemption.
- Javert - The police inspector obsessed with capturing Valjean.
- Fantine - A poor woman who turns to prostitution to support her daughter.
- Cosette - Fantine's daughter, raised by Valjean.
- Marius Pontmercy - A young student and revolutionary who loves Cosette.
- Éponine - The Thénardiers' daughter, who is in love with Marius.
- Thénardier - A corrupt innkeeper and criminal.
Adaptations
Les Misérables has been adapted into numerous films, television series, and a highly successful musical.
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