Lezgins

Khanates

Globus illustrierte Zeitschrift für Länder und Völkerkunde, Volume 14 P. 138

LESGHI RUG, EAST CAUCASUS, c. 1880

Гербер Каспий 1728 (cropped)

Lezgins are an ethnic group native to the Caucasus region, primarily living in southern Dagestan, Russia, and northern Azerbaijan. They speak Lezgian, which belongs to the Northeast Caucasian language family. The Lezgins have a rich cultural heritage, with traditional music, dance, and crafts that reflect their long history in the Caucasus.

History

The history of the Lezgins dates back to ancient times, with their ancestors believed to be part of the early Caucasian tribes. Over the centuries, the region has seen the influence of various empires and cultures, including Persian, Arab, and Russian. Despite these influences, the Lezgins have managed to preserve their unique identity, language, and traditions.

Geography

Lezgins predominantly reside in the southeastern part of Dagestan and the northwestern part of Azerbaijan. The terrain of their homeland is mountainous, which has historically provided natural protection and helped preserve their way of life. The Samur River valley is one of the key areas of Lezgin settlement.

Culture

Lezgin culture is known for its rich folklore, traditional music, and dances. Lezgi dances are particularly notable for their complexity and beauty, often performed at celebrations and festivals. Traditional Lezgin music involves a variety of instruments, including the zurna (a woodwind instrument) and the dhol (a type of drum).

Craftsmanship, especially in carpet weaving and silverwork, is another significant aspect of Lezgin culture. These crafts are not only a means of artistic expression but also serve as important symbols of Lezgin identity and heritage.

Language

The Lezgian language is part of the Northeast Caucasian language group, known for its complex phonology and rich morphological structure. It has several dialects, reflecting the diverse regions where Lezgins live. Despite the pressures of Russification and other influences, efforts have been made to preserve and revitalize the Lezgin language through education and media.

Religion

The majority of Lezgins are Sunni Muslims, with Islam playing a significant role in their cultural and social life. Islamic traditions and practices have been integrated into the fabric of Lezgin society, influencing festivals, rituals, and daily customs.

Political Issues

Lezgins face several political and social issues, including questions of national identity, language preservation, and rights to cultural expression. In both Dagestan and Azerbaijan, there have been movements advocating for greater autonomy and recognition of Lezgin rights. These issues are often complicated by the broader geopolitical tensions in the Caucasus region.

See Also

• Caucasus
• Dagestan
• Azerbaijan
• Northeast Caucasian languages
• Sunni Islam

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