Line level

Line level refers to the standard signal level used by audio equipment to transmit analog audio signals between components such as CD players, amplifiers, and mixing consoles. Line level signals are typically stronger than the signals from microphones or instruments, which require amplification to reach line level.

Types of Line Level

There are two main types of line level signals: consumer line level and professional line level.

Consumer Line Level

Consumer line level, often referred to as -10 dBV, is commonly used in home audio equipment such as stereo systems, DVD players, and televisions. The voltage level for consumer line level is approximately 0.316 volts.

Professional Line Level

Professional line level, known as +4 dBu, is used in professional audio equipment such as recording studios, broadcasting equipment, and live sound systems. The voltage level for professional line level is approximately 1.23 volts.

Balanced vs. Unbalanced Signals

Line level signals can be either balanced or unbalanced.

Balanced Signals

Balanced signals use three conductors: a positive, a negative, and a ground. This configuration helps to reduce noise and interference, making it ideal for long cable runs. Balanced connections are commonly found in professional audio equipment and use connectors such as XLR connectors and TRS connectors.

Unbalanced Signals

Unbalanced signals use two conductors: a signal and a ground. This type of connection is more susceptible to noise and interference, making it suitable for shorter cable runs. Unbalanced connections are typically found in consumer audio equipment and use connectors such as RCA connectors and TS connectors.

Applications

Line level signals are used in various applications, including:

• Home audio systems
• Professional audio systems
• Broadcasting
• Recording studios
• Live sound reinforcement

See Also

• Microphone level
• Instrument level
• Audio signal
• Amplifier
• Mixing console

References

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