Malva

Verge flower 8

پنیرک یا توله، بهبهان

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Malva is a genus of plants in the Malvaceae family, which is known for its diverse and widespread species commonly referred to as mallows. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as shrubs and small trees. Malva species are found worldwide, from temperate to tropical regions, and they are especially prevalent in the Mediterranean area. The plants are characterized by their attractive flowers, which have a typical structure that is common to the family Malvaceae. These flowers are often brightly colored, ranging from white to pink and purple, and they usually have five petals.

Description

Malva plants can vary significantly in size and form but share some common characteristics. They typically have a round, erect stem and broad, palmately lobed leaves with a serrated margin. The flowers of Malva species are borne in axillary clusters or at the top of the stem and have a distinctive five-petaled appearance. The fruit is a schizocarp, which splits into smaller units called mericarps at maturity.

Cultivation and Uses

Malva species are cultivated for a variety of purposes. Some, like Malva sylvestris (common mallow), are grown for their ornamental value, thanks to their attractive flowers and foliage. Others are cultivated for their edible parts; the leaves, shoots, and seeds of certain species can be consumed. Malva leaves have a mild, pleasant flavor and can be used in salads, soups, and as a cooked green vegetable.

In addition to their culinary and ornamental uses, Malva plants have a long history of medicinal use. Various parts of the plant, including the leaves, flowers, and seeds, have been used in traditional medicine to treat a range of ailments such as coughs, sore throat, and digestive problems. The mucilaginous substance extracted from the leaves and stems has soothing properties, making it beneficial for treating inflammation and irritation.

Ecology

Malva species play a significant role in their ecosystems. They are a source of nectar for pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and other insects. The plants can also serve as a food source for various animal species. However, some Malva species can become invasive in certain areas, outcompeting native vegetation and disrupting local ecosystems.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of the Malva genus has been subject to revision, with some species being moved to other genera within the Malvaceae family. The genus is closely related to other genera such as Alcea (hollyhocks) and Hibiscus, which share similar floral characteristics.

Selected Species

• Malva sylvestris – Common mallow
• Malva neglecta – Dwarf mallow
• Malva nicaeensis – Bull mallow

Conservation

While many Malva species are common and not considered at risk, some are rare and face threats from habitat loss, pollution, and overharvesting. Conservation efforts are important to ensure the survival of these species, particularly those with limited distributions.

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