Nipple

African Breast SG

Breast anatomy normal scheme

Human nipple.jpg

Breastfeeding infant

Smoczek od butelki

DSC0216 Burma Chin Village near Lemro River Pretty little girl (7374973732).jpg

Nipple

The nipple is a small projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip. It is located on the breast in both males and females. In females, the nipple is surrounded by the areola, a pigmented area of skin. The nipple plays a crucial role in breastfeeding, allowing the infant to latch on and draw milk from the mammary glands.

Anatomy

The nipple is composed of smooth muscle fibers, which contract in response to stimulation, causing the nipple to become erect. This response can be triggered by various stimuli, including cold, touch, and sexual arousal. The nipple contains numerous nerve endings, making it a sensitive area of the body.

Lactiferous Ducts

The lactiferous ducts are channels that transport milk from the mammary glands to the nipple. Each duct has its own opening on the surface of the nipple. During lactation, these ducts expand to facilitate the flow of milk.

Areola

The areola is the circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple. It contains sebaceous glands, known as Montgomery's glands, which secrete an oily substance that lubricates and protects the nipple during breastfeeding.

Function

The primary function of the nipple in females is to facilitate breastfeeding. When an infant suckles at the nipple, it stimulates the release of oxytocin and prolactin, hormones that promote milk production and ejection. In males, the nipple does not serve a functional purpose in terms of lactation but remains a sensitive area.

Development

Nipple development begins in the embryo and continues through puberty. In females, the nipples become more prominent and the areola darkens during puberty due to hormonal changes. During pregnancy, the nipples and areolae may enlarge and darken further in preparation for breastfeeding.

Clinical Significance

Nipples can be affected by various medical conditions, including inverted nipples, nipple discharge, and Paget's disease of the breast. Regular self-examinations and clinical check-ups are important for early detection of any abnormalities.

Cultural and Social Aspects

Nipples have cultural and social significance, often associated with femininity and sexuality. They are subject to various societal norms and taboos, particularly regarding exposure in public.

See Also

• Breast
• Areola
• Lactation
• Mammary gland
• Oxytocin
• Prolactin

References

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