Mastoid cells

Mastoid cells are air-filled spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull. They are lined by a mucous membrane that is continuous with the lining of the middle ear. The mastoid cells are connected to the middle ear via the antrum, a large air cell located near the posterior part of the middle ear.

Etymology

The term "mastoid" is derived from the Greek word "mastoeides", meaning "breast-shaped". It was named for its resemblance to a breast.

Anatomy

The mastoid cells vary in size and number. They are usually larger in adults than in children, and are often absent in newborns. The cells are arranged in a honeycomb-like pattern, and are separated by thin bony septa. The size and number of mastoid cells can be influenced by various factors, including age, sex, race, and the presence of chronic ear disease.

Function

The function of the mastoid cells is not completely understood. They are believed to play a role in the regulation of air pressure within the middle ear. They may also serve as a reserve air supply for the middle ear, and may help to protect the inner ear from loud noises.

Clinical significance

Inflammation of the mastoid cells, known as mastoiditis, can occur as a complication of a middle ear infection. This can lead to a number of serious complications, including hearing loss, facial paralysis, and meningitis. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, and in severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the infected cells.

Related terms

• Mastoid process
• Mastoiditis
• Temporal bone
• Middle ear
• Antrum

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