Mexican barbasco trade

Mexican Barbasco Trade

Dioscorea mexicana, a key species in the barbasco trade

The Mexican barbasco trade refers to the historical and economic activities surrounding the collection and export of Dioscorea mexicana, a species of yam native to Mexico. This trade was particularly significant in the mid-20th century due to the plant's role in the production of synthetic hormones, including progesterone, which was crucial for the development of the oral contraceptive pill.

History

The barbasco trade began in earnest in the 1940s when scientists discovered that the roots of Dioscorea mexicana contained high levels of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin that could be converted into progesterone. This discovery led to a surge in demand for the plant, as pharmaceutical companies sought to produce synthetic hormones more efficiently.

Early Exploitation

Initially, the collection of barbasco was a labor-intensive process carried out by local farmers and indigenous communities in the Sierra Madre Oriental and other mountainous regions of Mexico. These "barbasqueros" would harvest the wild yams, which were then processed to extract diosgenin.

Industrialization

By the 1950s, the trade had become industrialized, with large companies establishing processing plants in Mexico. The most notable of these was Syntex, a company that played a pivotal role in the development of the oral contraceptive pill. The industrialization of the barbasco trade transformed the Mexican economy and had significant social impacts, including the displacement of traditional farming practices.

Economic Impact

The barbasco trade provided a substantial economic boost to rural Mexican communities, offering employment opportunities and infrastructure development. However, it also led to environmental degradation due to overharvesting and the destruction of natural habitats.

Decline

The trade began to decline in the late 20th century as synthetic methods for producing diosgenin and progesterone were developed, reducing the reliance on natural sources. Additionally, the depletion of wild yam populations and the introduction of alternative sources of diosgenin contributed to the decline.

Legacy

Despite its decline, the Mexican barbasco trade left a lasting legacy on the pharmaceutical industry and the development of hormonal therapies. It also highlighted the importance of biodiversity and the potential of natural products in medical advancements.

Related Pages

• Dioscorea
• Progesterone
• Oral contraceptive pill
• Syntex