Mitragynine

Mitragynine is an indole-based alkaloid and the most abundant active compound found in the Southeast Asian plant Mitragyna speciosa, also known as kratom. It is considered responsible for the majority of the plant's opioid-like effects.

Chemistry

Mitragynine is a lipophilic compound, which means it can dissolve in fats, oils, and lipids. It is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and acetic acid. The chemical structure of mitragynine includes a tryptamine core, which is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Pharmacology

Mitragynine acts as a partial agonist at the μ-opioid receptor and as a competitive antagonist at the κ- and δ-opioid receptors. It also interacts with other receptor systems in the brain, including adrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic receptors.

Effects

The effects of mitragynine are dose-dependent. Taking small amounts of the compound can produce stimulant effects, while larger doses can produce sedative-narcotic effects. Some of the reported effects include pain relief, euphoria, cough suppression, and decreased opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Toxicity

Mitragynine is generally considered to have low toxicity, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation. There have been reports of serious adverse events, including seizures and liver damage, associated with the use of products containing mitragynine.

Legal status

The legal status of mitragynine varies by country and is subject to change. In some countries, including Australia and Malaysia, mitragynine is classified as a controlled substance. In the United States, it is not federally controlled, but it is illegal in some states.

See also

• 7-Hydroxymitragynine
• Kratom
• Opioid receptor

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Mitragynine

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  Mitragynine skeletal structure

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  Mitragynine molecule ball model

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  Mitragynine biased agonism

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  Initial steps of mitragynine metabolism (phase I)