Modafinil acid
Modafinil Acid is a primary metabolite of the nootropic and stimulant drug Modafinil. It is produced in the body during the metabolic breakdown of Modafinil, primarily in the liver through the process of amidation.
Pharmacology
Modafinil Acid is less pharmacologically active than its parent compound, Modafinil. It does not appear to contribute significantly to the wakefulness-promoting effects of Modafinil, but it may have some minor effects on mood and cognition. The exact mechanisms of action of Modafinil Acid are not fully understood, but it is believed to interact with several neurotransmitter systems in the brain, including the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin systems.
Metabolism
Modafinil is primarily metabolized in the liver by the enzyme CYP3A4, which converts it into Modafinil Acid and Modafinil Sulfone. Modafinil Acid is the major metabolite, accounting for approximately 80% of the metabolized product. The remaining 20% is converted into Modafinil Sulfone, a minor metabolite that is also less pharmacologically active than Modafinil.
Clinical Significance
The clinical significance of Modafinil Acid is primarily related to its role in the metabolism of Modafinil. Because it is less active than Modafinil, the presence of Modafinil Acid in the body does not significantly contribute to the drug's effects. However, it may have some minor effects on mood and cognition, and its presence can be used as a marker of Modafinil use in drug testing.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
