Molecular marker

Molecular markers or DNA markers are fragments of DNA that are associated with a certain location within the genome. Molecular markers are used by molecular biologists, biochemists and geneticists to study the relationship between an allele and the phenotype of an organism. They can be used to identify a particular sequence of DNA in a pool of unknown DNA.

Types of Molecular Markers

There are several types of molecular markers, including:

• RFLP - This type of molecular marker is used to identify variations in DNA sequences. It involves the use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and the resulting fragments are then separated by gel electrophoresis.

• RAPD - This is a type of PCR-based molecular marker that is used to amplify random segments of DNA.

• AFLP - This is another type of PCR-based molecular marker that is used to amplify specific segments of DNA.

• SSR - Also known as microsatellites, these are short, repetitive sequences of DNA that are used as molecular markers.

• SNP - These are variations in a single nucleotide that occur at a specific position in the genome.

Applications of Molecular Markers

Molecular markers have a wide range of applications in various fields, including:

• Genetics - Molecular markers are used in genetic mapping and DNA fingerprinting.

• Plant breeding - They are used in the selection of desirable traits in plants.

• Medicine - Molecular markers are used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

• Forensic science - They are used in DNA profiling to identify individuals.

See Also

• Genetic marker
• Genetic linkage
• Genome mapping
• Molecular genetics

References

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