Multithreading

Multithreading is a widespread computing technique that allows a single CPU to execute multiple threads concurrently. It is a subset of multiprocessing, which is the execution of multiple concurrent processes in a system.

Overview

In a multithreaded environment, threads are the smallest units of processing that can be performed by the CPU. Multithreading extends the idea of multitasking into applications, allowing them to execute tasks concurrently within a single process. Threads share the process's resources, including memory and open files, making them lightweight and efficient to manage.

Types of Multithreading

There are two types of multithreading: preemptive multithreading and cooperative multithreading.

Preemptive multithreading allows the operating system to determine when a context switch should occur. The operating system can interrupt the thread currently executing and start executing a different thread. This approach can lead to concurrency problems, such as race conditions or deadlocks, if precautions are not taken.

In cooperative multithreading, the currently executing thread yields control when it is at a stopping point. This eliminates the risk of concurrency problems, as the switch only happens when the thread is ready.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Multithreading can significantly improve the performance of a system by allowing multiple threads to execute concurrently. It can also improve responsiveness and resource sharing. However, multithreading can also lead to complex concurrency problems if not managed correctly.

Multithreading in Programming Languages

Many modern programming languages support multithreading, including Java, C++, and Python. These languages provide libraries and frameworks to manage threads and handle synchronization between them.

See Also

• Concurrency
• Parallel computing
• Distributed computing
• Process
• Thread

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