Murut people

KgKuaiKandazon Sabah Monsopiad-Cultural-Village-24

Percentage population of Murut in Sabah, 2020

Baloi Adat Dayak Tahol

Languages of Kalimantan

Penampang Sabah HongkodKoisaanMuseum MurutLonghouse-01

Murut people are an indigenous ethnic group inhabiting northern Borneo, primarily in the states of Sabah (Malaysia) and parts of Brunei and Kalimantan (Indonesia). The name "Murut" means "hill people" in Malay, reflecting their traditional settlement in the hilly and mountainous backcountry of the northern Borneo region. They are one of the many indigenous groups collectively known as the Dayak people in Kalimantan.

History

The Murut were traditionally head-hunters, a practice that was part of their culture until the early 20th century. Their society was hierarchical, based on bravery in war and success in headhunting. This practice has since ceased and is now only a part of their rich history. The British colonial administration and Christian missionaries played significant roles in this transformation during their time in North Borneo.

Culture

Murut culture is rich and diverse, with traditional dances, music, and handicrafts playing a significant role in their social life. The Lundayeh, Tagol, and Okolod are among the subgroups of the Murut, each with its unique language and customs. Their traditional houses, known as "longhouses," are communal dwellings that can house multiple families under one roof.

Language

The Murut language belongs to the Austronesian language family, which is widespread across the Pacific and Indian Oceans. There are several dialects within the Murut language, reflecting the diversity of the Murut people themselves.

Religion

Traditionally, the Murut practiced animism, believing in the presence of spirits in nature. However, with the arrival of Christian missionaries in the 19th and 20th centuries, many Murut have converted to Christianity. Despite this, many still practice their traditional beliefs alongside Christianity.

Economy

The Murut people are traditionally agriculturalists, with hill rice being their primary crop. Hunting and fishing are also important for their subsistence. In recent years, some Murut have moved to urban areas in search of better employment opportunities, although a significant number still live in rural communities and maintain their traditional way of life.

Contemporary Issues

Like many indigenous peoples around the world, the Murut face challenges related to land rights, preservation of their culture and language, and economic development. The encroachment of palm oil plantations and logging activities threatens their traditional lands, leading to conflicts over land rights. Efforts are being made by various non-governmental organizations and the Murut themselves to address these issues, aiming to find a balance between development and the preservation of their cultural heritage.

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