Muscle physiology
Muscle Physiology
Muscle physiology (/ˈmʌsəl/ /ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/) is the study of the mechanical, biochemical, and bioelectrical processes that contribute to the function of muscles. The term is derived from the Latin musculus meaning "little mouse" and the Greek physiologia meaning "study of nature".
Structure
Muscles are composed of two major types of proteins: actin and myosin. These proteins form long, thin structures called myofibrils, which are bundled together to form muscle fibers. Muscle fibers are grouped together to form a muscle fascicle, and multiple fascicles come together to form a muscle.
Function
The primary function of muscles is to generate force and movement. This is achieved through a process known as muscle contraction, which involves the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other. This process is regulated by calcium ions and ATP, the body's main energy source.
Types of Muscle Tissue
There are three types of muscle tissue in the human body: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Each type has unique characteristics and functions.
- Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements and is attached to bones by tendons.
- Cardiac muscle forms the walls of the heart and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
- Smooth muscle is found in the walls of organs and structures such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra, and blood vessels.
Disorders
There are many disorders that can affect muscle physiology, including muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and rhabdomyolysis. These disorders can result in muscle weakness, pain, and in severe cases, loss of mobility.
See Also
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