Mutagenesis
Mutagenesis
Mutagenesis (/mjuːtəˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/) is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed, resulting in a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens.
Etymology
The term "mutagenesis" is derived from the Latin word "mutare", meaning "to change", and the Greek word "genesis", meaning "origin" or "source".
Types of Mutagenesis
There are several types of mutagenesis, including:
- Point mutation: A change in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence.
- Insertion: The addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.
- Deletion: The removal of one or more nucleotide base pairs from a DNA sequence.
- Frameshift mutation: A type of mutation caused by insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides that is not divisible by three.
Causes of Mutagenesis
Mutagenesis can be caused by a number of factors, including:
- Radiation: Ionizing radiation can cause DNA damage that leads to mutations.
- Chemicals: Certain chemicals can interact with DNA and cause mutations.
- Viruses: Some viruses can insert their own genetic material into the DNA of the host organism, causing mutations.
Effects of Mutagenesis
The effects of mutagenesis can vary widely, from benign to harmful. Some mutations can lead to genetic disorders or increase the risk of certain diseases, such as cancer. On the other hand, some mutations can be beneficial, leading to increased survival or reproductive success.
Related Terms
- Genetic variation: The difference in DNA among individuals or populations.
- Genetic drift: The change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random sampling.
- Natural selection: The process by which traits become more or less common in a population due to consistent effects upon survival or reproduction.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Mutagenesis
- Wikipedia's article - Mutagenesis
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