NPH insulin

A type of insulin used to manage blood sugar levels in diabetes

NPH insulin is often administered using a syringe.

NPH insulin (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin) is an intermediate-acting insulin used in the management of diabetes mellitus. It is designed to help control blood sugar levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

History

NPH insulin was developed in the 1940s by Hans Christian Hagedorn and B. Norman Jensen. The addition of protamine, a protein, to insulin extends its duration of action, making it suitable for basal insulin needs.

Pharmacology

NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin with an onset of action of 1 to 2 hours, a peak effect occurring 4 to 12 hours after administration, and a duration of action of approximately 12 to 18 hours. It is typically administered subcutaneously.

Mechanism of Action

NPH insulin works by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, particularly in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. The protamine component delays the absorption of insulin, providing a more prolonged effect compared to regular insulin.

Usage

NPH insulin is often used in combination with short-acting insulins to provide both basal and prandial glucose control. It is usually administered once or twice daily, depending on the individual's needs and the regimen prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Side Effects

Common side effects of NPH insulin include hypoglycemia, weight gain, and injection site reactions. Hypoglycemia is the most significant risk and requires careful monitoring of blood glucose levels.

Comparison with Other Insulins

NPH insulin is one of several types of insulin used to manage diabetes. It is less expensive than some of the newer long-acting insulins, such as insulin glargine and insulin detemir, but may require more frequent dosing and monitoring.

Administration

NPH insulin is typically administered via subcutaneous injection using a syringe, insulin pen, or insulin pump. Proper technique and rotation of injection sites are important to minimize discomfort and prevent lipodystrophy.

Related pages

• Insulin therapy
• Diabetes management
• Hypoglycemia
• Insulin analogs