Neurohormones
Neurohormones
Neurohormones (pronunciation: /ˌnʊəroʊˈhɔːrmoʊnz/) are a class of hormones that are produced and released by neurons in the brain and then transported to the circulatory system.
Etymology
The term "neurohormone" is derived from the combination of "neuro", relating to nerves or the nervous system, and "hormone", a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
Types of Neurohormones
There are several types of neurohormones, including:
- Oxytocin: This neurohormone is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a role in social bonding, sexual reproduction, and during and after childbirth.
- Vasopressin: Also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), vasopressin is a neurohormone produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It helps regulate the body's water balance.
- Dopamine: This neurohormone is produced in several areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area.
Related Terms
- Neurotransmitter: A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.
- Endocrine system: The complex group of glands that produce hormones.
- Hypothalamus: A region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Neurohormones
- Wikipedia's article - Neurohormones
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