Nitrile
Nitrile
Nitrile (pronounced: /ˈnaɪtraɪl/), also known as cyano compounds, are a type of organic compounds that contain a cyano functional group (-C≡N). The term 'nitrile' is derived from the Latin word 'nitrum', meaning 'native soda', and the Greek word 'ile', meaning 'pertaining to'.
Nitriles are widely used in the production of rubber products, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. They are also used in the synthesis of organic compounds and in the production of laboratory reagents.
Structure
Nitriles are characterized by a carbon-nitrogen triple bond (-C≡N). This bond results from the sharing of three pairs of electrons between the carbon and nitrogen atoms. The carbon atom in the nitrile group is sp hybridized and forms a linear shape with the nitrogen atom and the other carbon atom attached to it.
Properties
Nitriles are generally colorless liquids or solids with a distinctive odor. They are less dense than water and have a high boiling point due to the presence of the polar cyano group. Nitriles are also highly reactive, making them useful in various chemical reactions.
Synthesis
Nitriles can be synthesized through several methods, including the dehydration of amides, the reaction of halogens with cyanide, and the oxidation of primary amines.
Uses
Nitriles are used in a variety of applications. They are used in the production of nitrile rubber, a type of synthetic rubber that is resistant to oil, fuel, and other chemicals. Nitriles are also used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, including certain types of antibiotics and antiviral drugs. In addition, they are used in the production of plastic products, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), a common type of plastic used in many consumer products.
See also
- Organic compound
- Cyano group
- Amide
- Halogen
- Cyanide
- Amine
- Antibiotics
- Antiviral drugs
- Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nitrile
- Wikipedia's article - Nitrile
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