Nodular melanoma

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Nodular Melanoma

Nodular melanoma (pronunciation: noh-dyuh-lar mel-uh-noh-muh) is a subtype of melanoma that is characterized by its rapid growth and depth of invasion. It is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer and accounts for approximately 15-30% of all melanoma cases.

Etymology

The term "nodular" is derived from the Latin word "nodulus", meaning a small knot, referring to the characteristic appearance of these melanomas. "Melanoma" comes from the Greek words "melas" (black) and "-oma" (tumor), referring to the dark pigmentation often seen in these tumors.

Characteristics

Nodular melanomas typically present as a raised, firm, and uniformly colored (usually black or blue-black) nodule. Unlike other types of melanoma, they may lack the classic ABCDE criteria (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, and Evolving) used for melanoma detection. Due to their rapid growth, early detection and treatment are crucial.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for nodular melanoma include a history of sun exposure, fair skin, older age, and a family history of melanoma. It is more common in men than in women and most often occurs in the fifth to seventh decades of life.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of nodular melanoma is made through a combination of clinical examination, dermoscopy, and skin biopsy. The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen.

Treatment

Treatment of nodular melanoma typically involves surgical excision of the tumor and a margin of normal skin. Additional treatments such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy may be used depending on the stage of the disease.

Prognosis

The prognosis of nodular melanoma is generally poorer than other types of melanoma due to its aggressive nature and tendency to be diagnosed at a later stage. The five-year survival rate varies depending on the stage at diagnosis.

See Also

External links

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