Nonsteroidal

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of drugs that provide analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.

Classification

NSAIDs are usually classified based on their chemical structure. Classes include salicylates, propionic acid derivatives, acetic acid derivatives, enolic acid (Oxicams), and selective COX-2 inhibitors.

Mechanism of action

NSAIDs work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and/or COX-2). In cells, these enzymes are involved in the synthesis of key biological mediators, namely prostaglandins which are involved in inflammation, and thromboxanes, which are involved in blood clotting.

Uses

NSAIDs are used to treat pain and inflammation caused by a variety of conditions, including arthritis, menstrual cramps, and headaches. Some NSAIDs, such as aspirin, have been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Side effects

Common side effects of NSAIDs include stomach upset, heartburn, and a tendency to bleed more, especially when taken in high doses or for a long time. More serious side effects can include kidney damage, stomach ulcers, and increased risk of heart problems.

See also

• Analgesic
• Antipyretic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin
• Thromboxane