Ocular albinism type 1

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Ocular albinism type 1
Synonyms	Nettleship-Falls syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, photophobia, strabismus, hypopigmentation of the retina
Complications	N/A
Onset	Birth
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutation in the GPR143 gene
Risks	Male gender (due to X-linked inheritance)
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, ophthalmic examination
Differential diagnosis	Oculocutaneous albinism, other forms of albinism
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Visual aids, tinted lenses, low vision therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	1 in 50,000 to 150,000 males
Deaths	Not directly life-threatening

Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is a genetic condition that primarily affects the eyes. It is characterized by a reduction in the pigmentation of the retina and the iris, leading to vision problems. Unlike other forms of albinism, OA1 does not significantly affect the skin or hair.

Genetics

Ocular albinism type 1 is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. This means that the gene responsible for the condition is located on the X chromosome. Males, who have only one X chromosome, are more frequently affected by OA1. Females, with two X chromosomes, are typically carriers and usually do not exhibit symptoms.

Symptoms

Individuals with OA1 often experience:

• Reduced visual acuity
• Nystagmus, or involuntary eye movements
• Photophobia, or sensitivity to light
• Strabismus, or misalignment of the eyes

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ocular albinism type 1 is based on clinical examination and family history. Genetic testing can confirm the presence of mutations in the GPR143 gene, which is associated with OA1.

Management

There is no cure for ocular albinism type 1, but management focuses on improving vision and quality of life. This may include:

• Corrective lenses
• Low vision aids
• Regular eye examinations

See also

• Albinism
• X-linked recessive inheritance
• Genetic disorders