Oligohydramnios

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Oligohydramnios
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Decreased amniotic fluid volume
Complications	Pulmonary hypoplasia, limb deformities, facial deformities
Onset
Duration
Types	N/A
Causes	Premature rupture of membranes, placental insufficiency, fetal renal agenesis
Risks
Diagnosis	Ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Anhydramnios, polyhydramnios
Prevention
Treatment	Amnioinfusion, maternal hydration
Medication
Prognosis	Depends on cause and severity
Frequency
Deaths

Oligohydramnios is a condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid. It can occur at any time during pregnancy, but is most common in the last trimester. It can lead to complications in pregnancy and is associated with increased risks of preterm births, intrauterine growth restriction, and congenital disorders.

Causes

Oligohydramnios can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Placental problems: The placenta provides the baby with nutrients and oxygen. If it's not functioning properly, it can lead to a decrease in amniotic fluid.
• Leaking or rupture of membranes: This can occur due to a tear in the membranes or a premature rupture.
• Post-term pregnancy: The longer a pregnancy goes beyond 40 weeks, the higher the risk of oligohydramnios.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as those used to treat high blood pressure, can decrease amniotic fluid levels.
• Birth defects: Problems with the baby's kidneys or urinary tract can affect the amount of amniotic fluid.

Diagnosis

Oligohydramnios is typically diagnosed through an ultrasound, which can measure the amount of amniotic fluid, and a physical exam. Other tests may include:

• Amniocentesis: A sample of amniotic fluid is taken and tested.
• Biophysical profile: This test combines an ultrasound with a nonstress test to assess the baby's health.
• Doppler ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to measure the blood flow in the umbilical cord and blood vessels in the baby's brain.

Treatment

Treatment for oligohydramnios depends on the cause and the stage of pregnancy. It may include:

• Amnioinfusion: During labor, fluid is inserted into the amniotic sac.
• Cesarean section: If the baby is not doing well or if labor is not progressing, a cesarean section may be performed.
• Delivery: If the pregnancy is at or near term, delivery may be the best option.

See also

• Polyhydramnios
• Amniotic fluid index
• Anhydramnios

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