Organelles
Organelles
Organelles (pronunciation: /ɔːrɡəˈnɛlz/) are specialized structures within living cells that perform specific functions. The term "organelle" is derived from the word "organ" and the suffix "-elle," which is a diminutive in French, meaning "small organ."
Definition
Organelles are the functional units of a cell. Like organs in a body, they perform specialized functions that are necessary for the cell to survive. They are usually enclosed within their own lipid bilayers, similar to the cell's plasma membrane.
Types of Organelles
There are several types of organelles in a cell. Some of the most important ones include:
- Nucleus: The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the cell's DNA and controlling the cell's growth and reproduction.
- Mitochondria: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing energy through the process of cellular respiration.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion.
- Lysosomes: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
- Peroxisomes: Peroxisomes are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances.
- Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
- Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are the sites of photosynthesis.
Etymology
The term "organelle" comes from the Latin "organum," meaning instrument or engine, and the French diminutive suffix "-elle." It was first used in the mid-19th century to describe specialized parts of a cell.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Organelles
- Wikipedia's article - Organelles
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