Orthopoxvirus
Orthopoxvirus
Orthopoxvirus (pronunciation: or-tho-pox-vi-rus) is a genus of viruses in the family Poxviridae and subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. The name "Orthopoxvirus" is derived from the Greek words "orthos" meaning "straight" and "pox" meaning "pustule".
Members of this genus cause skin lesions in their hosts. The most well-known member of this genus is Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. Other notable members include Vaccinia virus, Cowpox virus, and Monkeypox virus.
Classification
Orthopoxvirus is a genus of the Poxviridae family, which is further divided into two subfamilies: Chordopoxvirinae and Entomopoxvirinae. The Orthopoxvirus genus belongs to the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, which infects vertebrates.
Structure
Orthopoxviruses are large, complex viruses with a linear, double-stranded DNA genome. The virus particles are brick-shaped or ovoid and are covered by a complex, multi-layered envelope.
Pathogenesis
Orthopoxviruses are transmitted through direct contact with virus-infected animals or humans, or through respiratory droplets. The viruses initially replicate in the skin, causing characteristic skin lesions, and then spread to other organs.
Prevention and Treatment
Vaccination with the Vaccinia virus is the primary method of prevention for Orthopoxvirus infections. Antiviral drugs such as Cidofovir and Tecovirimat can be used for treatment.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Orthopoxvirus
- Wikipedia's article - Orthopoxvirus
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