Ovarian germ cell tumor
Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor
Ovarian germ cell tumors (pronounced: oh-vair-ee-an germ cell too-mor) are a rare type of ovarian cancer that originates from the germ cells in the ovary. These tumors account for approximately 2-3% of all ovarian cancers.
Etymology
The term "Ovarian germ cell tumor" is derived from the location and cell type from which these tumors originate. "Ovarian" refers to the ovary, a part of the female reproductive system. "Germ cell" refers to the cells that are destined to form eggs in females. "Tumor" is a term used to describe an abnormal growth of cells.
Types
There are several types of ovarian germ cell tumors, including:
- Dysgerminoma: This is the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumor. It is similar to the seminoma, a type of testicular cancer.
- Endodermal sinus tumor: Also known as yolk sac tumor, this is a rare and aggressive type of ovarian germ cell tumor.
- Teratoma: This type of tumor contains cells from all three germ layers and can contain hair, teeth, and other tissues.
- Choriocarcinoma: This is a very rare type of ovarian germ cell tumor that is usually malignant.
- Embryonal carcinoma: This is a rare and highly malignant type of ovarian germ cell tumor.
Symptoms
Symptoms of ovarian germ cell tumors can vary, but may include:
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- Irregular periods or vaginal bleeding after menopause
- Feeling of fullness or pressure in the abdomen
- Pain during sex
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ovarian germ cell tumors typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan, and blood tests to check for tumor markers. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for ovarian germ cell tumors typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, followed by chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, radiation therapy may also be used.
Prognosis
The prognosis for ovarian germ cell tumors varies depending on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. However, with early detection and treatment, the prognosis is generally good.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ovarian germ cell tumor
- Wikipedia's article - Ovarian germ cell tumor
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