Overfishing

Overfishing is the act of fishing species at a rate that the species cannot replenish in time, resulting in those species either becoming depleted or very underpopulated in that given area. Overfishing has spread all over the globe and has been present for centuries. However, with the advent of industrial fishing in the 20th century, overfishing has become a global problem.

Causes of Overfishing

Overfishing is primarily caused by the lack of effective fisheries management and enforcement. This is often due to a lack of knowledge about the amount of fishing the population can withstand, as well as illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Other factors contributing to overfishing include overcapacity, where fishing fleets are too large and catch more fish than the system can support, and harmful fishing practices, such as bottom trawling and bycatch.

Effects of Overfishing

Overfishing has serious effects on both the marine ecosystem and the people who depend on fishing for their livelihood. It can lead to the depletion of key marine species and damage the marine food chain leading to a loss of biodiversity. Overfishing also threatens the livelihood of about 200 million people who depend on fishing for income and as a primary source of protein.

Solutions to Overfishing

Solutions to overfishing include effective fisheries management, reducing fishing capacity, and promoting sustainable fishing practices. This can be achieved through measures such as catch shares, where fishermen are allocated a specific quota of the total allowable catch, and marine protected areas, where fishing is restricted or prohibited to allow fish populations to recover.

See Also

• Sustainable fishing
• Fisheries management
• Marine conservation
• Bycatch
• Marine protected area

References

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Overfishing

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  Chilean purse seine

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  Fishing down the food web

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  Overfishing

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  Global trends in the state of the world’s marine fish stocks

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  Overfishing threats to coral reefs

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  Overfished US stocks 2015

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  Psephurus gladius

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  Surexploitation morue surpêche

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  Harvest Control Rule graph

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  World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by species group

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  In brief, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2018