Personal genomics
Personal Genomics
Personal genomics (/pɜːrsənəl dʒəˈnoʊmɪks/) is a branch of genomics where the genome sequences and analyses of an individual are generated and studied. The term "personal genomics" is derived from the Greek word "genomos" which means "birth" and the Latin word "personalis" which means "pertaining to a person".
History
The concept of personal genomics was first introduced in the early 21st century with the advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies. The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, paved the way for personal genomics by sequencing the entire human genome and making the data publicly available.
Applications
Personal genomics has a wide range of applications in various fields such as medicine, pharmacogenomics, ancestry testing, and genetic genealogy. In medicine, personal genomics can be used to identify genetic predispositions to certain diseases and to personalize treatment plans. In pharmacogenomics, it can be used to predict an individual's response to certain drugs. In ancestry testing and genetic genealogy, it can be used to trace an individual's ancestry and to find genetic relatives.
Companies and Services
Several companies offer personal genomics services, including 23andMe, AncestryDNA, and MyHeritage DNA. These companies provide direct-to-consumer genetic testing services that allow individuals to get their genome sequenced and analyzed.
Ethical and Legal Issues
Personal genomics raises several ethical and legal issues, including privacy concerns, the potential for genetic discrimination, and the interpretation and use of genetic data. Various laws and regulations, such as the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) in the United States, have been enacted to address these issues.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Personal genomics
- Wikipedia's article - Personal genomics
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