Photoreceptor cell

A Photoreceptor cell (pronunciation: /ˌfoʊtoʊrɪˈsɛptər ˈsɛl/) is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of photo transduction, the conversion of light into electrical signals. These cells are crucial for visual perception.

Etymology

The term "Photoreceptor" is derived from the Greek words "phos" (light) and "receptor" (receiver), indicating its function as a light receiver.

Types of Photoreceptor cells

There are two major types of photoreceptor cells in the mammalian eye: rod cells and cone cells. Rod cells are more sensitive to light and allow vision in low light conditions, while cone cells are responsible for color vision and function best in well-lit conditions.

Function

Photoreceptor cells capture photons of light and convert them into electrical signals. These signals are then processed by other neurons, sent to the brain, and translated into the images we see.

Related Terms

Rhodopsin: A light-sensitive receptor protein involved in visual phototransduction.
Retinal: A form of vitamin A that functions in the retina to form the light-absorbing molecule retinal.
Photopsin: The photoreceptor protein found in the cone cells of the retina that is the basis for color vision.
Phototransduction: The process by which light is converted into electrical signals in the rod cells, cone cells and photosensitive ganglion cells of the retina.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Photoreceptor cell
Wikipedia's article - Photoreceptor cell

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Photoreceptor cell