Piriform cortex

Piriform Cortex

The Piriform Cortex is a region in the brain that is part of the olfactory system, responsible for the sense of smell. It is located in the telencephalon, the most anterior part of the brain, and is one of the oldest regions in terms of evolutionary history.

Structure

The Piriform Cortex is a three-layered paleocortex, unlike the six-layered neocortex that makes up most of the brain's cerebral cortex. It is divided into two main parts: the anterior piriform cortex (APC) and the posterior piriform cortex (PPC). The APC receives direct input from the olfactory bulb, while the PPC receives input from the APC.

Function

The primary function of the Piriform Cortex is to process olfactory information, which it receives from the olfactory bulb. It is involved in the identification and recognition of odors. The Piriform Cortex also plays a role in olfactory learning and memory, and has been implicated in certain neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.

Clinical Significance

Due to its role in olfactory processing, damage to the Piriform Cortex can result in a loss of smell, a condition known as anosmia. It has also been implicated in certain neurological disorders. For example, in Alzheimer's disease, the Piriform Cortex is one of the first regions to show signs of degeneration. In epilepsy, studies have shown that the Piriform Cortex can be a focus for seizures.

See Also

• Olfactory System
• Olfactory Bulb
• Anosmia
• Alzheimer's Disease
• Epilepsy

References

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  Human brainstem anterior view

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  Piriform cortex of a mouse