Placental growth factor
Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)
Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) (pronunciation: pla-sen-tal groth fak-tor) is a protein encoded by the PGF gene in humans. It is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) sub-family - a key molecule in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, particularly during embryogenesis.
Etymology
The term "Placental Growth Factor" is derived from its discovery in the placenta. The term "placenta" is from the Latin word for "flat cake", referring to its round and flat appearance. The term "growth factor" refers to substances, such as hormones or vitamins, that are necessary for the growth of living cells.
Function
PlGF is a vital molecule in the process of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, especially during embryogenesis. It stimulates the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones, a process crucial for the growth and development of the embryo. PlGF is also involved in wound healing and in the formation of collateral circulation.
Clinical Significance
Abnormal levels of PlGF have been associated with certain medical conditions. Low levels of PlGF have been linked to preeclampsia, a complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. High levels of PlGF, on the other hand, have been associated with various types of cancer, including breast cancer and colorectal cancer.
Related Terms
- Angiogenesis: The physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.
- Vasculogenesis: The process of blood vessel formation occurring by a de novo production of endothelial cells.
- Embryogenesis: The process by which the embryo forms and develops.
- Preeclampsia: A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, often the liver and kidneys.
- Breast Cancer: A cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.
- Colorectal Cancer: A cancer that starts in the colon or the rectum.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Placental growth factor
- Wikipedia's article - Placental growth factor
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