Polysomy
Polysomy
Polysomy (/pɒˈlɪsəmi/) is a condition in which an organism has more than two copies of any one of its chromosomes. This can occur in humans and other animals, as well as in plants and other organisms.
Etymology
The term "polysomy" comes from the Greek words "poly," meaning many, and "soma," meaning body. This refers to the many bodies, or chromosomes, present in the cells of an organism with this condition.
Causes
Polysomy can be caused by a variety of factors, including errors in cell division, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, and certain genetic disorders. The most common cause is a process called nondisjunction, which occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division.
Types
There are several types of polysomy, including trisomy, which involves three copies of a chromosome, and tetrasomy, which involves four copies. The most well-known example of trisomy is Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Symptoms
The symptoms of polysomy can vary widely, depending on which chromosome is affected and how many extra copies there are. They can range from mild to severe and can include physical abnormalities, developmental delays, and health problems.
Diagnosis
Polysomy is typically diagnosed through genetic testing, which can identify the presence of extra chromosomes. This can be done through a variety of methods, including karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).
Treatment
There is currently no cure for polysomy, and treatment is focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This can include physical therapy, special education, and medical treatment for any health problems.
Related Terms
- Aneuploidy: A condition in which an organism has an abnormal number of chromosomes.
- Monosomy: A condition in which an organism has only one copy of a chromosome instead of the usual two.
- Disomy: A condition in which an organism has two copies of a chromosome, which is the normal state for humans.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Polysomy
- Wikipedia's article - Polysomy
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