Protein subunit
Protein Subunit
A Protein Subunit (pronounced: proh-teen sub-yoo-nit) is a single protein molecule that assembles with other protein molecules to form a protein complex.
Etymology
The term "Protein Subunit" is derived from the words "protein" and "subunit". "Protein" comes from the Greek word "proteios", meaning "primary" or "in the lead". The term "subunit" is a combination of "sub-" (meaning under or below) and "unit" (a single thing or person).
Definition
In the context of biochemistry, a protein subunit is a single protein molecule that, when combined with other protein molecules, forms a protein complex. These complexes are often a part of larger biological systems and play crucial roles in various biological functions.
Related Terms
- Protein Complex: A group of two or more associated polypeptide chains.
- Polypeptide: A single linear chain of amino acids that are bonded together by peptide bonds.
- Amino Acid: Organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
- Peptide Bond: A chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule.
Function
Protein subunits come together to form protein complexes, which are integral to many biological processes. These processes include DNA replication, transcription, translation, and cell signaling. The structure and function of these complexes are determined by the specific protein subunits they contain.
Importance in Medicine
Understanding the structure and function of protein subunits can help in the development of drugs and therapies for various diseases. For example, drugs can be designed to interact with specific protein subunits, altering their activity and thus the function of the protein complex they form.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Protein subunit
- Wikipedia's article - Protein subunit
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