Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience (/ˌsjuːdoʊˈsaɪəns/) is a term used to describe a belief system or methodology that tries to gain legitimacy by wearing the trappings of science, but fails to abide by the rigorous methodology and standards of evidence that are the marks of true science.
Etymology
The term "pseudoscience" is derived from the Greek root pseudo meaning false and the English word science, from the Latin word scientia, meaning "knowledge".
Definition
Promulgated by theories that lack supporting evidence or cannot be tested, pseudoscience is often characterized by contradictory, exaggerated or unfalsifiable claims, reliance on confirmation bias rather than rigorous attempts at refutation, lack of openness to evaluation by other experts, and absence of systematic practices when developing theories.
Examples
Examples of pseudosciences include astrology, homeopathy, crystal healing, UFO theories, and many others. These are characterized by their lack of scientific support, lack of scientific method, and reliance on anecdotal evidence.
Related Terms
- Science: A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
- Scientific method: A method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
- Confirmation bias: The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.
- Anecdotal evidence: Evidence from anecdotes, i.e., evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pseudoscience
- Wikipedia's article - Pseudoscience
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