Purine metabolism
Purine Metabolism
Purine metabolism refers to the series of biochemical reactions involved in the synthesis and degradation of purines. Purines are key components of cellular energy systems (e.g., ATP, adenosine triphosphate), signaling (e.g., GTP, guanosine triphosphate, cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate), and, along with pyrimidines, RNA and DNA production.
Pronunciation
Purine: /ˈpjʊəriːn/ Metabolism: /mɪˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/
Etymology
The term "purine" (from the Latin purum, meaning "pure") was coined by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1884. He synthesized it for the first time in 1898. The term "metabolism" comes from the Greek μεταβολή (metabolē), meaning "change".
Synthesis
Purine synthesis begins with PRPP, 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, and leads to the production of the purine nucleotides IMP, inosine monophosphate, AMP, adenosine monophosphate, and GMP, guanosine monophosphate. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Degradation
Purine degradation occurs when purine nucleotides are dephosphorylated and hydrolyzed to their respective bases. The end product of purine degradation in humans is uric acid.
Disorders
Disorders of purine metabolism can lead to an excess or deficiency of various biochemicals, leading to a range of clinical disorders such as gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and adenosine deaminase deficiency.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Purine metabolism
- Wikipedia's article - Purine metabolism
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