Replication
Replication
Replication (/rɛplɪˈkeɪʃən/; from Latin replicare, "to fold back") is a fundamental concept in the field of biology, specifically in the area of molecular biology. It refers to the process by which genetic material, or DNA, is copied to produce two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule.
Etymology
The term "replication" is derived from the Latin word replicare, which means "to fold back". It was first used in the context of molecular biology in the mid-20th century.
Process
Replication begins at specific locations in the genome, known as origins of replication. The two DNA strands are separated, each serving as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand. The process is facilitated by various enzymes, including DNA polymerase and helicase.
Types of Replication
There are three main types of replication: semiconservative replication, conservative replication, and dispersive replication. In semiconservative replication, the most common type, each of the two daughter molecules will have one old strand, derived from the parent molecule, and one newly synthesized strand.
Related Terms
- DNA: The molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms.
- Enzyme: Proteins that act as biological catalysts.
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Molecular Biology: The branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Replication
- Wikipedia's article - Replication
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