Roots

Roots are the part of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. However, roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water.

Function

Roots have several purposes. They are used to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, to anchor the plant in the ground, and to store food. The root system can also play a part in asexual reproduction when a root becomes a new plant.

Types of Roots

There are two main types of roots, primary roots and secondary roots. The primary root is the first root that comes from a plant, while secondary roots branch off from the primary root.

Primary Roots

Primary roots, also known as taproots, grow vertically downward. They form a center from which other roots sprout laterally.

Secondary Roots

Secondary roots, also known as lateral roots, branch off from the primary root and then further branch to form a complex root system.

Root Structure

The structure of roots helps them perform their functions. The root cap protects the growing tip in plants. It secretes mucilage to ease the movement of the root in soil.

Root Growth

Root growth begins with seed germination. When the plant embryo emerges from the seed, the radicle of the embryo forms the root system.

Root Diseases

Roots are susceptible to a variety of diseases, including root rot, honey fungus, and sudden oak death. The presence of any of these diseases can damage and potentially kill a plant.

See Also

• Plant
• Soil
• Nutrient
• Asexual reproduction