Russula heterophylla

Russ.het

Russula heterophylla, commonly known as the green-cracking Russula or the green brittlegill, is a species of mushroom belonging to the genus Russula, which is part of the large family Russulaceae. This species is notable for its distinctive green cap and the tendency of its cuticle to crack in dry weather, hence the name "green-cracking Russula". It is found in various types of woodland, forming symbiotic relationships with living trees by forming ectomycorrhizae, which is a type of mutualism where both the fungus and the tree benefit from the association.

Description

Russula heterophylla mushrooms have caps that can range in color from bright green to olive or even purplish tones, typically measuring between 5 to 10 cm in diameter. The cap surface is smooth and can become cracked in patches in dry conditions. The gills are white to cream, adnate to adnexed, and can be quite crowded. The stem is white, stout, and measures approximately 4 to 8 cm in height and 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter. This species is characterized by its brittle flesh, a common trait among Russula species, which easily breaks like chalk.

The spore print of Russula heterophylla is cream or pale yellow. Microscopically, the spores are ornamented, which helps in distinguishing this species from other similar Russula species.

Habitat and Distribution

Russula heterophylla is predominantly found in deciduous and mixed woodlands, often in association with oaks, beeches, and other hardwoods, but it can also associate with conifers. It is widely distributed across Europe and has been reported in various parts of North America. The presence of this mushroom indicates a healthy and undisturbed woodland ecosystem.

Edibility

The green-cracking Russula is considered edible, though it is not regarded as one of the more desirable species due to its mild to moderately peppery taste. It is important to note that many Russula species have a similar appearance, and some are not edible, so accurate identification by an experienced mycologist is recommended before consumption.

Conservation

Currently, there are no major threats to Russula heterophylla, and it is not listed on any conservation red lists. However, like many fungi, it could be susceptible to changes in woodland management practices, pollution, and climate change, which could affect its symbiotic relationships with trees and its overall distribution.

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