Sialolithiasis

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Sialolithiasis
Sialolithiasis
Synonyms	Salivary stones, salivary duct stones
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Pain and swelling in the affected gland, especially during eating
Complications	Infection, abscess formation
Onset	Typically adulthood
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Dehydration, reduced salivary flow, trauma
Risks	Smoking, medications that reduce saliva production
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, imaging such as X-ray, ultrasound, or sialography
Differential diagnosis	Sialadenitis, tumors of the salivary glands
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Hydration, massage, sialogogues, surgery
Medication	Analgesics, antibiotics if infected
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	Rare

An X-ray showing a sialolith in the salivary gland.

Sialolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of calcified stones, known as sialoliths, within the salivary glands. These stones can obstruct the flow of saliva, leading to pain, swelling, and infection of the affected gland. Sialolithiasis most commonly affects the submandibular glands but can also occur in the parotid and sublingual glands.

Causes

The exact cause of sialolithiasis is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to stone formation, including dehydration, reduced saliva flow, increased calcium concentrations in saliva, and the presence of bacterial infections.

Salivary gland stone removed

Symptoms

Symptoms of sialolithiasis may include:

• Pain and swelling in the affected salivary gland, especially during meals
• Dry mouth
• Difficulty swallowing
• A noticeable lump in the area of the affected gland
• Recurrent infections of the salivary gland

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of sialolithiasis involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays, ultrasound, or Sialography, and sometimes MRI or CT scans to locate the sialoliths and assess the extent of gland involvement.

CT Wharton's duct sialolithiasis. Case 1. 139. indicated

Treatment

Treatment options for sialolithiasis include:

• Conservative measures such as hydration, warm compresses, and massage to facilitate stone expulsion
• Sialogogues (saliva-inducing agents) to increase saliva flow
• Antibiotics for secondary infections
• Minimally invasive procedures such as shock wave lithotripsy to break up stones
• Surgical removal of the stone through sialendoscopy or open surgery in more severe cases

Complications

If left untreated, sialolithiasis can lead to chronic infection, abscess formation, and permanent damage to the salivary gland.

Prevention

Preventive measures may include adequate hydration, good oral hygiene, and regular dental check-ups to maintain optimal salivary flow and reduce the risk of stone formation.

See Also

• Salivary gland disorders
• Xerostomia (Dry mouth)
• Oral and maxillofacial surgery

External Links

• National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research - Salivary Gland Disorders
• Mayo Clinic - Sialolithiasis

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