Scapular

Scapula or shoulder blade is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). The scapula forms the back part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.

Anatomy

The scapula has two surfaces, three borders, three angles, and three processes. The anterior surface, also known as the costal or ventral surface, is concave and relatively featureless. The posterior surface, also known as the dorsal surface, is arched from above downward and is subdivided by the spine of the scapula into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.

Function

The scapula serves several functions, the most important of which is to provide attachment for many muscles. These muscles are responsible for providing the power for all arm movements. The scapula also plays a crucial role in stabilizing the arm, as it forms a functional joint with the chest wall, known as the scapulothoracic joint.

Clinical significance

Injuries to the scapula are relatively rare but can be serious when they occur. They are usually the result of high-energy trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident or a fall from height. Treatment of scapular fractures is usually conservative, with surgery reserved for cases with severe displacement or associated injuries.

See also

• Scapular fracture
• Scapular muscles
• Scapulothoracic joint

References

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