Sensitization (immunology)

Sensitization (Immunology)

Sensitization is a non-specific immune response that can occur in response to a variety of stimuli, including allergens, infections, and trauma. It is characterized by an increased reactivity or sensitivity to a substance following initial exposure.

Mechanism

Sensitization involves the activation of the immune system by an antigen. The antigen is recognized by antibody molecules, which bind to the antigen and trigger an immune response. This response includes the production of more antibodies, as well as the activation of T cells and B cells, which are types of white blood cells involved in the immune response.

Clinical significance

Sensitization can lead to a variety of clinical conditions, including allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and hypersensitivity reactions. In allergic reactions, sensitization can occur to substances such as pollen, dust mites, and certain foods. In autoimmune diseases, sensitization can occur to the body's own tissues, leading to an immune response against these tissues. In hypersensitivity reactions, sensitization can occur to drugs or other substances, leading to an exaggerated immune response.

See also

• Allergy
• Immunology
• Hypersensitivity
• Autoimmune disease

References

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