Sequential intercept model

A framework for addressing the needs of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system

Diagram of the Sequential Intercept Model

The Sequential Intercept Model (SIM) is a conceptual framework designed to address the needs of individuals with mental illness who come into contact with the criminal justice system. The model provides a series of "intercepts" or points of intervention where individuals can be diverted from the criminal justice system and connected with community-based services. The goal of the SIM is to reduce the involvement of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system and to improve public safety and public health outcomes.

Overview

The Sequential Intercept Model was developed to help communities identify resources and gaps in services at each point of contact with the criminal justice system. The model outlines five key intercepts:

Intercept 0: Community Services

This intercept focuses on preventing initial contact with the criminal justice system by providing access to mental health and substance use services in the community. It emphasizes the importance of early intervention and prevention strategies.

Intercept 1: Law Enforcement and Emergency Services

At this stage, law enforcement officers and emergency services personnel are trained to recognize signs of mental illness and to respond appropriately. Crisis intervention teams (CIT) and mobile crisis units are examples of programs that operate at this intercept.

Intercept 2: Initial Detention and Initial Court Hearings

This intercept involves screening and assessment for mental health issues at the point of initial detention and during initial court hearings. The goal is to identify individuals who may benefit from diversion to treatment rather than incarceration.

Intercept 3: Jails and Courts

At this stage, specialized court programs such as mental health courts and drug courts provide alternatives to traditional criminal justice processing. These courts focus on treatment and rehabilitation rather than punishment.

Intercept 4: Reentry

This intercept addresses the transition from jail or prison back into the community. Reentry programs provide support and resources to help individuals reintegrate successfully and reduce recidivism.

Intercept 5: Community Corrections

The final intercept involves community supervision, such as probation or parole, with a focus on connecting individuals to community-based services and supports to prevent reoffending.

Implementation

The implementation of the Sequential Intercept Model requires collaboration among various stakeholders, including law enforcement, mental health providers, courts, corrections, and community organizations. Communities use the model to map existing resources, identify gaps, and develop strategies to improve the system of care for individuals with mental illness.

Benefits

The Sequential Intercept Model offers several benefits, including:

• Reducing the number of individuals with mental illness in jails and prisons
• Improving access to mental health and substance use treatment
• Enhancing public safety by addressing the root causes of criminal behavior
• Promoting recovery and rehabilitation for individuals with mental illness

Challenges

Despite its benefits, the implementation of the Sequential Intercept Model can face challenges such as:

• Limited funding and resources for mental health services
• Stigma associated with mental illness
• Coordination and communication among diverse stakeholders

Related pages

• Mental health court
• Crisis intervention team
• Community mental health service
• Diversion program

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs supports initiatives related to the Sequential Intercept Model