Short-term memory

Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time. The duration of short-term memory (when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented) is believed to be in the order of seconds.

Overview

Short-term memory should be distinguished from working memory, which refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information. There is a difference between the two, even though they are often used interchangeably. The former involves a brief period for holding information, while the latter also includes the manipulation of this information.

Capacity

The capacity of short-term memory is often called memory span, in reference to a common procedure of measuring it. In a memory span test, the subject is presented with a series of items (e.g., digits, letters, words) one at a time and then has to recall the items in the correct order. The number of correctly remembered items is the memory span.

Duration

The duration of short-term memory (when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented) is believed to be in the order of seconds. After that, unless it is refreshed by repetition or rehearsal, it begins to fade.

Models

Several models have been proposed for how short-term memory functions, both neurologically and in function. The models include the following:

• Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model
• Baddeley's model of working memory
• Cowan's embedded-processes model of working memory
• Ericsson and Kintsch's long-term working memory

See also

• Cognitive psychology
• Long-term memory
• Memory and aging
• Memory disorders
• Memory improvement
• Neuroscience of memory

External links

• Britannica: Short-term memory