Smyrna

Smyrna

General Information
Name	Smyrna
Native Name	Σμύρνη
Other Names
Settlement Type	Ancient city
Transliteration
Language 1
Type 1
Info 1
Location
Coordinates	38°25 N°27
Map
Population
Total	200,000 (est. during Roman period)
Density	per km²
Area
Total	km²
Land	km²
Water	km²
Government
Type
Leader
Time Zone
Standard	UTC
DST	UTC

Smyrna ( ) was an ancient city located at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Due to its advantageous position, it became one of the principal cities of Ionia and later a significant urban center in the Roman Empire.

History

Early History

Smyrna's origins date back to the 3rd millennium BC, with evidence of settlement during the Bronze Age. The city was initially established by the Leleges and later inhabited by the Aeolians.

Classical Period

In the 7th century BC, Smyrna was taken over by the Ionians, who transformed it into a thriving city-state. It became a member of the Ionian League, a confederation of twelve cities in Asia Minor.

Hellenistic Period

After the conquest by Alexander the Great, Smyrna was rebuilt and expanded. The new city was designed with a grid plan, which was a hallmark of Hellenistic urban planning.

Roman Period

Under Roman rule, Smyrna flourished as a major commercial and cultural center. It was known for its beautiful architecture, including the famous Agora of Smyrna, and was one of the cities that claimed to be the birthplace of the poet Homer.

Byzantine and Ottoman Periods

Smyrna continued to be an important city during the Byzantine era. It was later incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century, where it remained a key port city.

Economy

Smyrna's economy was historically based on trade, facilitated by its excellent harbor. It was a hub for the exchange of goods between the East and the West, dealing in products such as olive oil, wine, and textiles.

Culture

Smyrna was a center of culture and learning. It hosted numerous festivals and was home to several schools of philosophy and rhetoric. The city was also known for its temples and theaters, which were integral to its cultural life.

Religion

Smyrna was one of the Seven Churches of Asia mentioned in the Book of Revelation. It had a significant Christian community and was an early center of Christianity.

Archaeological Significance

The archaeological remains of Smyrna provide valuable insights into ancient urban life. Excavations have uncovered parts of the ancient agora, city walls, and residential areas.

Also see

• Ionia
• Agora of Smyrna
• Seven Churches of Asia
• Homer
• Ionian League