Spermatic cord
Spermatic cord
The spermatic cord is a component of the male reproductive system, which extends from the abdominal inguinal ring down to the testis. It is made up of various structures, including the ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, and autonomic nerves, among others.
Anatomy
The spermatic cord begins at the deep inguinal ring and extends to the testis. It is covered by layers of fascia derived from the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. The cord contains the ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, autonomic nerves, and lymphatic vessels. The cremaster muscle is also contained within the spermatic cord.
Function
The primary function of the spermatic cord is to provide a conduit for structures to and from the testis. The ductus deferens transports sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation. The testicular artery, a branch of the abdominal aorta, provides blood supply to the testis. The pampiniform plexus is a network of veins responsible for the venous drainage of the testis, and also plays a role in temperature regulation of the testis. The autonomic nerves provide innervation to the testis.
Clinical significance
The spermatic cord is susceptible to various pathologies, including torsion, varicocele, and indirect inguinal hernia. Torsion of the spermatic cord can lead to testicular ischemia and is a surgical emergency. Varicocele is a condition characterized by dilated veins of the pampiniform plexus, and is a common cause of male infertility. Indirect inguinal hernia occurs when a part of the intestine protrudes through the inguinal canal, which houses the spermatic cord.
See also
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
