Spondylo-ocular syndrome

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Spondylo-ocular syndrome
Synonyms
Pronounce
Specialty	Medical genetics
Symptoms	Skeletal abnormalities, ocular abnormalities
Complications	N/A
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Mutations in the XYLT2 gene
Risks
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment	Symptomatic treatment, supportive care
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

Spondylo-ocular syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities and eye disorders. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the XYLT2 gene, which is involved in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans, important components of the extracellular matrix in various tissues including the eye and bone.

Symptoms and Signs

The primary symptoms of Spondylo-ocular syndrome include spondylodysplasia, a condition characterized by abnormal growth and development of the spine, and ocular abnormalities, which can range from mild vision impairment to severe blindness. Other symptoms may include hearing loss, heart defects, and intellectual disability.

Genetics

Spondylo-ocular syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, in order to develop the syndrome. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the XYLT2 gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Spondylo-ocular syndrome is based on clinical examination, imaging studies such as X-ray and MRI, and genetic testing to identify mutations in the XYLT2 gene.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for Spondylo-ocular syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, and may include physical therapy for skeletal abnormalities, vision aids for ocular abnormalities, and hearing aids for hearing loss.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Spondylo-ocular syndrome varies depending on the severity of the symptoms. Some individuals may have a normal lifespan with appropriate management of symptoms, while others may have a reduced lifespan due to complications such as heart defects.

See Also

• Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
• Ocular disease
• Genetic disorder
• XYLT2

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