Subgranular zone

Subgranular zone (SGZ) is a region in the hippocampus of the brain where neurogenesis occurs. The SGZ is located in the dentate gyrus, one of the two areas of the brain where adult neurogenesis takes place. The other area is the subventricular zone.

Etymology

The term "subgranular" refers to the location of this zone beneath the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus. The term "zone" is used to describe a region or area with a specific characteristic or function.

Structure

The subgranular zone is a thin layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and the hilus of the dentate gyrus. It contains neural stem cells that give rise to new neurons and glial cells. The new neurons migrate into the granule cell layer where they integrate into the existing neural circuitry.

Function

The primary function of the subgranular zone is to produce new neurons, a process known as neurogenesis. This process is thought to contribute to learning and memory functions of the hippocampus. It may also play a role in mood regulation and stress response.

Clinical significance

Alterations in neurogenesis in the subgranular zone have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis in the subgranular zone may lead to new treatments for these conditions.

See also

• Neurogenesis
• Hippocampus
• Dentate gyrus
• Subventricular zone

References

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