Sugar alcohol

Overview of sugar alcohols

For other uses, see Sugar alcohol (disambiguation).

Overview

Chemical structure of erythritol, a common sugar alcohol.

Sugar alcohols, also known as polyols, are a class of carbohydrates that are used as sweeteners and bulking agents. They are commonly found in a variety of food products, including sugar-free candies, chewing gum, and baked goods. Unlike regular sugars, sugar alcohols are not fully absorbed by the body, which results in a lower caloric content and a reduced impact on blood glucose levels.

Chemical Structure

Sugar alcohols are characterized by their chemical structure, which includes multiple hydroxyl (OH) groups. This structure is similar to that of sugars, but with an alcohol group replacing the aldehyde or ketone group typically found in sugars. The presence of these hydroxyl groups gives sugar alcohols their sweet taste and hygroscopic properties.

Common Types

There are several types of sugar alcohols, each with unique properties and uses:

• Erythritol: A sugar alcohol with about 60-70% of the sweetness of sucrose. It is almost non-caloric and does not affect blood sugar levels, making it a popular choice for low-calorie and diabetic-friendly products.
• Xylitol: Known for its dental benefits, xylitol is often used in sugar-free gum and toothpaste. It has about the same sweetness as sucrose but with fewer calories.
• Sorbitol: Commonly used in sugar-free candies and as a humectant in cosmetics. It is less sweet than sucrose and has a cooling effect in the mouth.
• Mannitol: Used as a sweetener and a diuretic in medical settings. It is less sweet than sucrose and has a low glycemic index.

Health Effects

Sugar alcohols are generally considered safe for consumption, but they can cause digestive issues in some individuals, especially when consumed in large amounts. This is because they are not completely absorbed in the small intestine and can ferment in the large intestine, leading to gas and bloating.

Uses in Food Industry

Sugar alcohols are widely used in the food industry due to their ability to provide sweetness without the calories of sugar. They are also used to improve the texture and shelf life of products. In addition to their use in sugar-free and reduced-calorie products, sugar alcohols are also used in pharmaceuticals and personal care products.

Related Pages

• Artificial sweetener
• Low-carbohydrate diet
• Diabetes management
• Glycemic index