TRIM5alpha

TRIM5alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM5 gene. It is part of the TRIM family, a group of proteins that are characterized by a tripartite motif. This motif includes three zinc-binding domains - a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2 - and a coiled-coil region. TRIM5alpha is known for its role in the innate immune response to retroviral infections.

Function

TRIM5alpha is a restriction factor that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response to retroviral infections. It is capable of recognizing the capsid protein of the retrovirus and promoting its premature disassembly, thereby preventing the virus from replicating within the host cell. This function is highly species-specific, as the protein has evolved rapidly under positive selection pressure from various retroviruses.

Structure

The structure of TRIM5alpha is characterized by a tripartite motif (TRIM), which includes three zinc-binding domains - a RING domain, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2 - and a coiled-coil region. The protein also contains a B30.2/SPRY domain, which is responsible for recognizing the retroviral capsid protein.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the TRIM5 gene can lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the TRIM5alpha protein, which can in turn increase susceptibility to retroviral infections. Studies have shown that certain polymorphisms in the TRIM5 gene are associated with a higher risk of HIV infection and faster progression to AIDS.

See also

• TRIM5
• Retrovirus
• HIV
• AIDS

External links

• TRIM5alpha at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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