Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis

Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (pronunciation: thy-ro-tox-ic pe-ri-o-dic par-a-ly-sis) is a medical condition that is characterized by occasional episodes of muscle weakness and sometimes a lower than normal level of potassium in the blood. It is a complication of hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

Etymology

The term "thyrotoxic periodic paralysis" is derived from the following roots: "thyro-" from the Greek "θυρεός" (thyreos), referring to the thyroid gland; "toxic" from the Greek "τοξικόν" (toxikon), meaning poison; "periodic" from the Greek "περιοδικός" (periodikos), meaning recurring at intervals; and "paralysis" from the Greek "παράλυσις" (paralysis), meaning disabling of the nerves.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis include sudden onset of muscle weakness, typically in the arms and legs, that can range from mild to severe. Other symptoms may include muscle stiffness, cramping, and tremors. In severe cases, the condition can lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure due to weakness of the respiratory muscles.

Causes

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is caused by an overactive thyroid gland, a condition known as hyperthyroidism. The excess thyroid hormone interferes with the body's ability to regulate potassium levels, leading to periods of low potassium in the blood (hypokalemia) that can trigger episodes of muscle weakness.

Treatment

Treatment for thyrotoxic periodic paralysis focuses on controlling the underlying hyperthyroidism, often with medications that reduce the production of thyroid hormone. In some cases, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland may be necessary. During an episode of paralysis, treatment may also include measures to raise the blood potassium level.

Related Terms

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypokalemia
• Respiratory failure
• Thyroid gland

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
• Wikipedia's article - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis

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