Total body irradiation
Total Body Irradiation (TBI)
Total Body Irradiation (TBI) is a form of radiotherapy used primarily as part of the preparative regimen for hematopoietic stem cell (or bone marrow) transplantation. Pronounced as /ˈtoʊtəl ˈbɒdi ˌɪrədiˈeɪʃən/, the term originates from the English language, with "total" meaning entire, "body" referring to the physical structure of a person, and "irradiation" meaning the exposure to radiation.
As the name suggests, TBI involves irradiating the entire body, though in some cases, certain areas may be shielded to limit exposure. The goal of this treatment is to destroy or suppress the recipient's immune system, preventing it from rejecting the transplanted material. It also eradicates residual malignant cells in the patient's body.
Procedure
TBI is typically administered in several fractions over a few days. The patient is positioned at a certain distance from the radiation source to ensure even distribution of the radiation dose. The actual dose and schedule may vary depending on the specific clinical situation.
Side Effects
Like all forms of radiotherapy, TBI can cause both acute and long-term side effects. Acute side effects, which occur shortly after treatment, can include nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Long-term side effects can include cataracts, infertility, and secondary cancers.
Related Terms
- Radiotherapy
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Cataracts
- Infertility
- Cancer
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Total body irradiation
- Wikipedia's article - Total body irradiation
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